Slow Accumulation of HIV Resistance Mutations: Implications for Resource‐Limited Settings?

Assessments of HIV drug resistance mutations in resource-limited settings.

At the end of 2009, 5.25 million persons were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide, representing an 10fold increase over a period of 5 years [1]. The global scale-up of ART has led to an inevitable increase in HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and a pool of resistant virus available to establish new infections. The report by Sungkanuparph et al in this issue highlights the need for streng...

The ethical implications of screening for HIV: whose choice reigns?

Governance of HIV/AIDS: Implications for Health Sector Response

This paper reviews the essence of effective governance and importance of a multi-sectoral approach in generating health systems response to HIV/AIDS. This comprehensive approach highlights the importance of integrating reproductive sexual health programs and HIV prevention services, including peer education, life skills, and Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT), for Prevention of Mother–to-Ch...

Human Laboratory Settings for Assessing Drug Craving Implications for the Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy

Research on assessing craving in laboratory settings often involves inducing and then measuring craving in subjects. Cue-induced craving is studied in laboratory settings using the cue reactivity paradigm, in which drug-related photos, videos, evocative scripts, olfactory cues, and paraphernalia may induce craving. Cue-induced craving evoked by drug-related stimuli could be associated with rela...

Evaluation of Lamivudine Resistance Mutations in HBV/HIV Co-infected Patients

Background and Objective: The drug resistance mutations are key elements in the failure of long-term treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The mutation in the YMDD motif in the P gene of HBV is the most critical factor in antiviral drug (especially lamivudine) resistance. This study aimed to assess the YMDD motif and other polymerase gene mutati...